2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Glutathione Peroxidase

Glutathione Peroxidase

Glutathione Peroxidase

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Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) are a family of enzymes with the ability to reduce organic and inorganic hydroperoxides to the corresponding alcohols using glutathione or thioredoxin as an electron donor. These enzymes promote hydrogen peroxide metabolism and protect cell membrane structure and function from oxidative damage. Dysregulated GPx expression is connected with severe pathologies, including obesity and diabetes. GPx1 has been reported to be involved in both pro- and anticancer effects in different tumor models.

In mammals, the GPxs family consists of eight members (GPx1-GPx8) identified so far; five of them (GPx1-GPx4 and GPx6) contain selenocysteine in the catalytic center and the other three are cysteine-containing proteins. GPx1 is one of the most critical members of the GPxs family that catalytically reduces hydrogen peroxide to produce water. The function of GPx3 is to scavenge H2O2 and lipoperoxides in the plasma to reduce systematic oxidative stress and to maintain the bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide. Gpx4 is an essential mammalian glutathione peroxidase, which protects cells against detrimental lipid peroxidation and governs a novel form of regulated necrotic cell death, called ferroptosis.

Glutathione Peroxidase Isoform Specific Products:

Glutathione Peroxidase Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-100002R
    ML162 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    ML162 (Standard) is the analytical standard of ML162 (HY-100002). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. ML162 is a covalent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor. ML162 has a selective lethal effect on mutant RAS oncogene-expressing cell lines
    ML162 (Standard)
  • HY-19321R
    PF-06282999 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    PF-06282999 (Standard) is the analytical standard of PF-06282999. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. PF-06282999 is a potent and selective myeloperoxidase inhibitor which is potential useful for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
    PF-06282999 (Standard)
  • HY-124920
    Methiocarb
    		Modulator
    Methiocarb (Mercaptodimethur) is an orally active carbamate insecticide. Methiocarb exerts dose-dependent toxic effects on onions. In addition to inhibiting acetylcholinesterase to induce cholinergic excitation, Methiocarb can induce lipid peroxidation in liver, kidney, brain and testicular tissues and alter reduced glutathione levels by generating ROS. Methiocarb can be used for agricultural pest control and research on oxidative stress-related cellular damage in mammals.
    Methiocarb
  • HY-N3029R
    Noreugenin (Standard)
    Noreugenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Noreugenin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Noreugenin is a phenolic compound found in Calea uniflora Less. Noreugenin inhibits myeloperoxidase activity and reduces levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-17A levels in LPS (HY-D1056)-induced murine pleurisy model. Noreugenin reduces apoptosis and necrosis. Noreugenin reduces lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD, GST) activity. Noreugenin exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Noreugenin can be used for the research of inflammatory conditions, such as pleurisy.
    Noreugenin (Standard)
  • HY-149455
    GPX4-IN-8
    		Inhibitor
    GPX4-IN-8 (compound A80) is a potent GPX4 inhibitor. GPX4-IN-8 shows antiproliferative activity.
    GPX4-IN-8
  • HY-B0679R
    Lubiprostone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Lubiprostone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lubiprostone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lubiprostone (SPI-0211) increases intestinal fluid secretion through generation of CIC-2/CFTR and activation of cAMP signaling pathway. Lubiprostone inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, downregulates Indomethacin (HY-14397)-induced iNOS and TNFα expression. Lubiprostone can be used for chronic constipation research.
    Lubiprostone (Standard)
  • HY-103388
    NCX 466
    		Inhibitor
    NCX 466 is an orally active COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor that exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Additionally, NCX 466 acts as a NO donor, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by improving microcirculation. NCX 466 significantly reduces the levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and oxidative stress markers (such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), and it decreases leukocyte recruitment during inflammation by reducing myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, thereby preventing bleomycin (HY-108345)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
    NCX 466
  • HY-163995
    GPX4-IN-13
    		Inhibitor
    GPX4-IN-13 (compound 16) is a GPX4 inhibitor with anticancer activity. GPX4-IN-13 reduces thyroid cell proliferation and induces ferroptosis by inhibiting the expression level of GPX4. GPX4-IN-13 inhibits the growth of three thyroid cancer cell lines: N-thy-ori-3-1 (IC50=8.39 μM), MDA-T32 (IC50=10.28 μM) and MDA-T41 (IC50=8.18 μM).
    GPX4-IN-13
  • HY-B0880R
    4-Aminobenzohydrazide (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    4-Aminobenzohydrazide (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Aminobenzohydrazide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Aminobenzohydrazide (p-Aminobenzohydrazide) is an irreversible myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitor (IC50=0.3 μM) that induces oxidative stress burst in neutrophils (ROS IC50=43.6 μM). 4-Aminobenzohydrazide has been used in subacute stroke research.
    4-Aminobenzohydrazide (Standard)
  • HY-155952
    LOC1886
    		Inhibitor
    LOC1886 is a covalent inhibitor of GPX4 with slightly lower potency than RSL3 and ML162.
    LOC1886
  • HY-Y1177R
    Diphenyl disulfide (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Diphenyl disulfide (Standard) is an analytical standard for diphenyl disulfide (HY-Y1177). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diphenyl disulfide (Phenyl disulfide) is an organic disulfide compound. Diphenyl disulfide inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and induces ferroptosis (ferroptosis), apoptosis (apoptosis) and autophagy (autophagy) in cancer cells. Diphenyl disulfide downregulates GPX4 expression, inhibits NRF2 phosphorylation, induces lipid peroxidation, promotes xCT ubiquitination, induces proteolytic cleavage of p21 Bax into p18 Bax, and suppresses cell proliferation and viability. Diphenyl disulfide can be used in research related to melanoma and breast cancer.
    Diphenyl disulfide (Standard)
  • HY-B0679S
    Lubiprostone-d7
    		Inhibitor
    Lubiprostone-d7 (RU-0211-d7) is the deuterium labeled Lubiprostone. Lubiprostone (SPI-0211) increases intestinal fluid secretion through generation of CIC-2/CFTR and activation of cAMP signaling pathway. Lubiprostone inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, downregulates Indomethacin (HY-14397)-induced iNOS and TNFα expression. Lubiprostone can be used for chronic constipation research.
    Lubiprostone-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-126758
    Ludartin
    		Inhibitor
    Ludartin a sesquiterpene lactone, which can be isolated from the plant Artemisia carruthii Wood. Ludartin reduces the expression of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, enhances the expression of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in spinal cord tissue. Ludartin inhibits neuronal apoptosis. Ludartin inhibits the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. Ludartin improves the motor function of rats with spinal cord injury.
    Ludartin
  • HY-N3031R
    Grosvenorine (Standard)
    Grosvenorine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Grosvenorine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Grosvenorine is an orally active flavonoid glycoside found in S. grosvenorii. Grosvenorine exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant and antiinflammation activities. Grosvenorine can induce apoptosis and increases anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression and reduces pro-apoptotic P53 protein expression in gastric tissues. Grosvenorine enhances mucin/glycoprotein secretion, regulates gastric pH, and reduces gastric lesion incidence.Grosvenorine increases glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and SOD levels, reduces lipid peroxidation (MDA), and lowers TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Grosvenorine can be used for the researches of bacterial infection and Gastric ulcer.
    Grosvenorine (Standard)
  • HY-B0647A
    (3S)-Butylphthalide
    		Inhibitor
    (3S)-Butylphthalide is a phthalide and can be isolated from A. graveolens. (3S)-Butylphthalide has antiplatelet and neuroprotective activities.
    (3S)-Butylphthalide
  • HY-W012352R
    2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (HY-W012352). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone is a product generated by the photochemical oxidation of Anthracene (ANT) (HY-Y0299). 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone induces ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes by depleting GSH and inhibiting GPX4, leading to cardiac developmental malformations. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone causes damage to the cerebrovascular system and blood-brain barrier in zebrafish by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, as well as inducing inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone can be used in studies related to cerebrovascular diseases and cardiotoxicity.
    2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (Standard)
  • HY-B0182R
    Carmofur (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Carmofur (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carmofur. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carmofur (HCFU) is a rat recombinant acid ceramidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 29 nM. Carmofur is also a protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA). Carmofur has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-virus activities, and can be used for the study of COVID-19 and acute lung injury (ALI).
    Carmofur (Standard)
  • HY-W018161R
    Hexadecanedioic acid (Standard)
    Hexadecanedioic acid (Thapsic acid) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexadecanedioic acid (HY-W018161). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hexadecanedioic acid is an orally active metabolite produced by B. uniformis. Hexadecanedioic acid inhibits IRE1α-XBP1s-mediated flipogenesis and ferroptosis. Hexadecanedioic acid downregulates XBP1 and Hrd1 expression, activates the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. Hexadecanedioic acid can be used for the research of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.
    Hexadecanedioic acid (Standard)
  • HY-100873R
    PF-1355 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    PF-1355 (Standard) is the analytical standard of PF-1355 (HY-100873). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. PF-1355 is a selective 2-thiouracil mechanism-based MPO inhibitor, used for treatment of vasculitic diseases.
    PF-1355 (Standard)
  • HY-W041171R
    3-Chloro-L-tyrosine (Standard)
    3-Chloro-L-tyrosine is a specific biomarker in myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation. 3-Chloro-L-tyrosine can be used as a molecular marker for oxidative stress and inflammation to determine whether myeloperoxidase-mediated tyrosine chlorination occurs. 3-Chloro-L-tyrosine is therefore used in the diagnosis of chlorine poisoning in forensic toxicology and in the auxiliary diagnosis of inflammation such as colorectal cancer.
    3-Chloro-L-tyrosine (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Glutathione Peroxidase Isoform Comparison

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